Element 69 · Solid at room temperature
Thulium
Looks like: silvery gray.
Thulium is atom number 69 — every Thulium atom has exactly 69 protons in its center, and that number is what makes it Thulium and nothing else. Its symbol is Tm. At room temperature it is a solid.
Thulium is a chemical element with symbol Tm and atomic number 69. It is the thirteenth and antepenultimate (third-last) element in the lanthanide series. Like the other lanthanides, the most common oxidation state is +3, seen in its oxide, halides and other compounds.
Summary from the source dataset, derived from Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 3.0) · original article
Thulium sits in period 6, group 3 of the f-block. Its 69 electrons fill shells of 2, 8, 18, 31, 8, 2 — written as [Xe] 4f13 6s2. Its electronegativity is 1.25 on the Pauling scale, and pulling the first electron off takes 596.7 kJ/mol. The outermost shell holds 2 electrons — the ones that do all the chemistry.
Full configuration: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f13
Ionization energies (kJ/mol): 596.7, 1160, 2285, 4120
Electron affinity: 99 kJ/mol · Electronegativity (Pauling):
1.25
Density: 9.32
g/cm³ · melts 1818 K · boils 2223 K
Values exactly as published — see where the data comes from.
Atomic mass
168.934222u
Density
9.32g/cm³
Melts
1818 K
Boils
2223 K
The units on this page — explained by Unitii
Thulium's family
Elements in the same series — near-identical chemistry, which is why they share a row.
Source
Discovered by Per Teodor Cleve.
Periodic-Table-JSON (Bowserinator and contributors); element summaries derived from Wikipedia · CC BY-SA 3.0 · snapshot retrieved 2026-08-21