Carbon

Carbon is atom number 6 — every Carbon atom has exactly 6 protons in its center, and that number is what makes it Carbon and nothing else. Its symbol is C. At room temperature it is a solid.

Carbon (from Latin:carbo "coal") is a chemical element with symbol C and atomic number 6. On the periodic table, it is the first (row 2) of six elements in column (group) 14, which have in common the composition of their outer electron shell. It is nonmetallic and tetravalent—making four electrons available to form covalent chemical bonds.

Summary from the source dataset, derived from Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 3.0) · original article

Carbon sits in period 2, group 14 of the p-block. Its 6 electrons fill shells of 2, 4 — written as [He] 2s2 2p2. Its electronegativity is 2.55 on the Pauling scale, and pulling the first electron off takes 1086.5 kJ/mol. The outermost shell holds 4 electrons — the ones that do all the chemistry.

Full configuration: 1s2 2s2 2p2
Ionization energies (kJ/mol): 1086.5, 2352.6, 4620.5, 6222.7, 37831, 47277
Electron affinity: 121.7763 kJ/mol · Electronegativity (Pauling): 2.55
Density: 1.821 g/cm³ · melts — · boils —

Values exactly as published — see where the data comes from.