Element 82 · Solid at room temperature
Lead
Looks like: metallic gray.
Lead is atom number 82 — every Lead atom has exactly 82 protons in its center, and that number is what makes it Lead and nothing else. Its symbol is Pb. At room temperature it is a solid.
Lead (/lɛd/) is a chemical element in the carbon group with symbol Pb (from Latin:plumbum) and atomic number 82. Lead is a soft, malleable and heavy post-transition metal. Metallic lead has a bluish-white color after being freshly cut, but it soon tarnishes to a dull grayish color when exposed to air.
Summary from the source dataset, derived from Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 3.0) · original article
Lead sits in period 6, group 14 of the p-block. Its 82 electrons fill shells of 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 4 — written as [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p2. Its electronegativity is 1.87 on the Pauling scale, and pulling the first electron off takes 715.6 kJ/mol. The outermost shell holds 4 electrons — the ones that do all the chemistry.
Full configuration: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p2
Ionization energies (kJ/mol): 715.6, 1450.5, 3081.5, 4083, 6640
Electron affinity: 34.4204 kJ/mol · Electronegativity (Pauling):
1.87
Density: 11.34
g/cm³ · melts 600.61 K · boils 2022 K
Values exactly as published — see where the data comes from.
Atomic mass
207.21u
Density
11.34g/cm³
Melts
600.61 K
Boils
2022 K
The units on this page — explained by Unitii
Lead's family
Elements in the same column share their outer-electron count, so they behave alike.
Source
Discovered by Middle East.
Periodic-Table-JSON (Bowserinator and contributors); element summaries derived from Wikipedia · CC BY-SA 3.0 · snapshot retrieved 2026-08-21