Element 48 · Solid at room temperature
Cadmium
Looks like: silvery bluish-gray metallic.
Cadmium is atom number 48 — every Cadmium atom has exactly 48 protons in its center, and that number is what makes it Cadmium and nothing else. Its symbol is Cd. At room temperature it is a solid.
Cadmium is a chemical element with symbol Cd and atomic number 48. This soft, bluish-white metal is chemically similar to the two other stable metals in group 12, zinc and mercury. Like zinc, it prefers oxidation state +2 in most of its compounds and like mercury it shows a low melting point compared to transition metals.
Summary from the source dataset, derived from Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 3.0) · original article
Cadmium sits in period 5, group 12 of the d-block. Its 48 electrons fill shells of 2, 8, 18, 18, 2 — written as [Kr] 4d10 5s2. Its electronegativity is 1.69 on the Pauling scale, and pulling the first electron off takes 867.8 kJ/mol. The outermost shell holds 2 electrons — the ones that do all the chemistry.
Full configuration: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10
Ionization energies (kJ/mol): 867.8, 1631.4, 3616
Electron affinity: -68 kJ/mol · Electronegativity (Pauling):
1.69
Density: 8.65
g/cm³ · melts 594.22 K · boils 1040 K
Values exactly as published — see where the data comes from.
Atomic mass
112.4144u
Density
8.65g/cm³
Melts
594.22 K
Boils
1040 K
The units on this page — explained by Unitii
Cadmium's family
Elements in the same column share their outer-electron count, so they behave alike.
Source
Discovered by Karl Samuel Leberecht Hermann. Named by Isotopes of cadmium.
Periodic-Table-JSON (Bowserinator and contributors); element summaries derived from Wikipedia · CC BY-SA 3.0 · snapshot retrieved 2026-08-21