Element 30 · Solid at room temperature
Zinc
Looks like: silver-gray.
Zinc is atom number 30 — every Zinc atom has exactly 30 protons in its center, and that number is what makes it Zinc and nothing else. Its symbol is Zn. At room temperature it is a solid.
Zinc, in commerce also spelter, is a chemical element with symbol Zn and atomic number 30. It is the first element of group 12 of the periodic table. In some respects zinc is chemically similar to magnesium:its ion is of similar size and its only common oxidation state is +2.
Summary from the source dataset, derived from Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 3.0) · original article
Zinc sits in period 4, group 12 of the d-block. Its 30 electrons fill shells of 2, 8, 18, 2 — written as [Ar] 3d10 4s2. Its electronegativity is 1.65 on the Pauling scale, and pulling the first electron off takes 906.4 kJ/mol. The outermost shell holds 2 electrons — the ones that do all the chemistry.
Full configuration: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10
Ionization energies (kJ/mol): 906.4, 1733.3, 3833, 5731, 7970, 10400, 12900, 16800 … (21 published)
Electron affinity: -58 kJ/mol · Electronegativity (Pauling):
1.65
Density: 7.14
g/cm³ · melts 692.68 K · boils 1180 K
Values exactly as published — see where the data comes from.
Atomic mass
65.382u
Density
7.14g/cm³
Melts
692.68 K
Boils
1180 K
The units on this page — explained by Unitii
Zinc's family
Elements in the same column share their outer-electron count, so they behave alike.
Source
Discovered by India.
Periodic-Table-JSON (Bowserinator and contributors); element summaries derived from Wikipedia · CC BY-SA 3.0 · snapshot retrieved 2026-08-21