Element 23 · Solid at room temperature
Vanadium
Looks like: blue-silver-grey metal.
Vanadium is atom number 23 — every Vanadium atom has exactly 23 protons in its center, and that number is what makes it Vanadium and nothing else. Its symbol is V. At room temperature it is a solid.
Vanadium is a chemical element with symbol V and atomic number 23. It is a hard, silvery grey, ductile and malleable transition metal. The element is found only in chemically combined form in nature, but once isolated artificially, the formation of an oxide layer stabilizes the free metal somewhat against further oxidation.
Summary from the source dataset, derived from Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 3.0) · original article
Vanadium sits in period 4, group 5 of the d-block. Its 23 electrons fill shells of 2, 8, 11, 2 — written as [Ar] 3d3 4s2. Its electronegativity is 1.63 on the Pauling scale, and pulling the first electron off takes 650.9 kJ/mol. The outermost shell holds 2 electrons — the ones that do all the chemistry.
Full configuration: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d3
Ionization energies (kJ/mol): 650.9, 1414, 2830, 4507, 6298.7, 12363, 14530, 16730 … (23 published)
Electron affinity: 50.911 kJ/mol · Electronegativity (Pauling):
1.63
Density: 6
g/cm³ · melts 2183 K · boils 3680 K
Values exactly as published — see where the data comes from.
Atomic mass
50.94151u
Density
6g/cm³
Melts
2183 K
Boils
3680 K
The units on this page — explained by Unitii
Vanadium's family
Elements in the same column share their outer-electron count, so they behave alike.
Source
Discovered by Andrés Manuel del Río. Named by Isotopes of vanadium.
Periodic-Table-JSON (Bowserinator and contributors); element summaries derived from Wikipedia · CC BY-SA 3.0 · snapshot retrieved 2026-08-21