Element 29 · Solid at room temperature
Copper
Looks like: red-orange metallic luster.
Copper is atom number 29 — every Copper atom has exactly 29 protons in its center, and that number is what makes it Copper and nothing else. Its symbol is Cu. At room temperature it is a solid.
Copper is a chemical element with symbol Cu (from Latin:cuprum) and atomic number 29. It is a soft, malleable and ductile metal with very high thermal and electrical conductivity. A freshly exposed surface of pure copper has a reddish-orange color.
Summary from the source dataset, derived from Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 3.0) · original article
Copper sits in period 4, group 11 of the d-block. Its 29 electrons fill shells of 2, 8, 18, 1 — written as [Ar] 3d10 4s1. Its electronegativity is 1.9 on the Pauling scale, and pulling the first electron off takes 745.5 kJ/mol. The outermost shell holds 1 electron — the ones that do all the chemistry.
Full configuration: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s1 3d10
Ionization energies (kJ/mol): 745.5, 1957.9, 3555, 5536, 7700, 9900, 13400, 16000 … (29 published)
Electron affinity: 119.235 kJ/mol · Electronegativity (Pauling):
1.9
Density: 8.96
g/cm³ · melts 1357.77 K · boils 2835 K
Values exactly as published — see where the data comes from.
Atomic mass
63.5463u
Density
8.96g/cm³
Melts
1357.77 K
Boils
2835 K
The units on this page — explained by Unitii
Copper's family
Elements in the same column share their outer-electron count, so they behave alike.
Source
Discovered by Middle East.
Periodic-Table-JSON (Bowserinator and contributors); element summaries derived from Wikipedia · CC BY-SA 3.0 · snapshot retrieved 2026-08-21